What is the proper method for preparing a site for blood collection?

Using a sterile alcohol prep pad, specifically one that contains 70% isopropyl alcohol, is the proper method for preparing a site for blood collection. This is because the 70% concentration of isopropyl alcohol is effective in eliminating bacteria and reducing the risk of infection at the puncture site. It works by coagulating proteins in the cell walls of microorganisms, which helps kill a wide range of bacteria and other pathogens.

The technique typically involves swabbing the area in a circular motion, starting from the center and moving outward, to ensure thorough cleansing and to minimize the chance of contaminating the site with microflora from surrounding skin. Allowing the alcohol to dry completely before proceeding with the venipuncture is also essential, as this further enhances the antiseptic effect and reduces stinging during the needle insertion.

In contrast, using soap and water does not provide the level of sterility needed for blood collection and may leave residue on the skin that can interfere with the sample. Saline solution is not an effective antiseptic and is generally used for other types of medical procedures rather than skin preparation. Applying an antiseptic ointment can create a barrier that may trap bacteria and is not appropriate in this context, as it can interfere